浅析新能源车用动力蓄电池-中国口岸科学技术-2021年08期

浅析新能源车用动力蓄电池

作者：吕媛媛1 宋杨1 秦剑峰1 李锦花2

摘要为摆脱传统化石能源危机和满足节能环保的迫切要求，新能源汽车以绿色发展和转型升级的重要产物逐渐渗透入人们生活。作为其核心驱动部件的动力蓄电池则更是引起人们的关注。本文首先介绍了新能源汽车的概念，其次概述了三元锂电池、磷酸铁锂电池、镍氢蓄电池等常见动力蓄电池的基本结构、性能、容量和充放电反应机理，最后提出几点使用建议。

吕媛媛1 宋杨1 秦剑峰1 李锦花2

关键词 蓄电池；新能源；三元锂电池；磷酸铁锂

Analysis of Power Battery for New Energy Vehicles

LV Yuan-Yuan¹ SONG Yang¹ Qin Jian-Feng¹ LI Jin-Hua²

Abstract In order to tackle with the traditional fossil energy crisis and meet the urgent requirements of energy saving and environmental protection, the new energy vehicle, an important product of green development and upgrading of the traditional car industry, has gradually entered into people's lives. As its core driving component, the power battery has attracted even more attention. This article first introduces the concept of new energy vehicles, and then outlines the basic structure, performance, capacity and charge-discharge reaction mechanism of common power batteries such as ternary lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, and nickel-hydrogen batteries. Finally, it puts forward a number of suggestions on how to use them properly.

Keywords battery; new energy vehicles; ternary lithium battery; LiFePO₄

基金项目：海关总署科研项目（2020HK243）；质检总局项目（2017IK051）

第一作者：吕媛媛（1984—），女，山东人，博士，主要从事电化学研究，E-mail: lyy-bbg@163.com

1.吴江海关国家动力及储能电池检测重点实验室苏州 215200

2.宁波海关技术中心宁波 315000

1. State Key Testing Laboratory of Power and Energy Storage for Battery, Wujiang customs , Suzhou 215200

2. Ningbo Customs Technical Center, Ningbo 315000

(－)M＋H₂O＋e^-MH＋OH^-

(＋)β－Ni(OH)₂＋OH^-β－NiOOH＋H₂O＋e^-

图5 镍氢蓄电池工作原理

Fig.5 Operating principle of Ni-MH battery

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（文章类别：CPST-B）